Understanding dynamic processes in living systems at the nanoscale requires advanced optical and spectroscopic technologies capable of resolving spatial, temporal, and chemical complexity simultaneously. Recent developments in photonics, ultrafast lasers, nonlinear optics, and computational imaging are enabling unprecedented visualization and quantification of molecular, organelle, and subcellular dynamics in real time. These tools are transforming how we study biological regulation, metabolism, mechanobiology, and intracellular transport by providing label-free, chemically specific, and high-resolution insights into living systems. This session aims to bring together researchers developing and applying cutting-edge optical and spectroscopic methods to probe nanoscale biological dynamics, with an emphasis on innovations in instrumentation, photonic engineering, and data analysis that push the limits of sensitivity, speed, and resolution.